shell

英 [ʃel] 美[ʃɛl]
  • n. 壳,贝壳;炮弹;外形
  • vi. 剥落;设定命令行解释器的位置
  • vt. 剥皮;炮轰

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词态变化


复数: shells;第三人称单数: shells;过去式: shelled;过去分词: shelled;现在分词: shelling;

中文词源


shell 壳,壳体,外壳,炮弹

来自古英语 scell,贝壳,蛋壳,来自 Proto-Germanic*skaljo,分开,切开,来自 PIE*skel,切, 分,词源同 scale,shelf.引申诸相关比喻义。

英文词源


shell
shell: [OE] Shell goes back ultimately to the Germanic base *skal- ‘divide, separate’, which also produced English scale, scalp, school (of fish), shale, shelter, shield, shoal (of fish), skill, and skol. Its underlying meaning is hence a ‘covering that splits off or is peeled off’. Its immediate Germanic ancestor was *skaljō, which also produced Dutch schel and Norwegian skjæl. Shellac [18] is a compound of shell and lac ‘lacquer, varnish’ (a word of Sanskrit origin, of which lacquer is a derivative), and is a direct translation of French laque en écailles ‘lac (melted) in thin plates’.
=> scale, scalp, school, shale, shelter, shield, shoal, skill, skol
shell (n.)
Old English sciell, scill, Anglian scell "seashell, eggshell," related to Old English scealu "shell, husk," from Proto-Germanic *skaljo "piece cut off; shell; scale" (cognates: West Frisian skyl "peel, rind," Middle Low German schelle "pod, rind, egg shell," Gothic skalja "tile"), with the shared notion of "covering that splits off," from PIE root *(s)kel- (1) "to cut, cleave" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic skolika "shell," Russian skala "bark, rind;" see scale (n.1)). Italian scaglia "chip" is from Germanic.

Sense of "mere exterior" is from 1650s; that of "hollow framework" is from 1791. Meaning "structure for a band or orchestra" is attested from 1938. Military use (1640s) was first of hand grenades, in reference to the metal case in which the gunpowder and shot were mixed; the notion is of a "hollow object" filled with explosives. Hence shell shock, first recorded 1915. Shell game "a swindle" is from 1890, from a version of three-card monte played with a pea and walnut shells.
shell (v.)
1560s, "to remove (a nut, etc.) from a shell," from shell (n.). The meaning "to bombard with shells" is first attested 1856. To shell out "disburse" (1801) is a figurative use from the image of extracting nuts. Related: Shelled; shelling.

双语例句


1. She was the only woman in Shell's legal department.
她是壳牌公司法律事务部唯一的女性。

来自柯林斯例句

2. Everywhere building facades are pitted with shell and bullet holes.
任一处的建筑物正面都布满了弹洞。

来自柯林斯例句

3. This cuttlefish has a horny internal shell like a pen.
这只乌贼有一个笔状的角质内壳。

来自柯林斯例句

4. Her normally shy son had come out of his shell.
她那平时很害羞的儿子已经开始与人交往了。

来自柯林斯例句

5. The solid feel of the car's shell is impressive.
这辆汽车的外壳给人的感觉异常坚固。

来自柯林斯例句